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- 适用
- Bacteria, 人
- 检测方法
- Colorimetric
- 应用范围
- Biochemical Assay (BCA)
- 原理
- Total Glucose Assay Kit measures total glucose within food or biological samples. Glucose is oxidized by glucose oxidase into D-gluconic acid plus hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is then detected with a highly specific colorimetric probe. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the reaction between the probe and hydrogen peroxide, which bind in a 1:1 ratio. Samples are compared to a known concentration of glucose standard within the 96-well microtiter plate format. Samples and standards are incubated for 30-45 minutes and then read with a standard 96-well colorimetric plate reader . . Glucose assay principle.
- 产品特性
- Glucose Assay Kit is a simple colorimetric assay that measures the amount of total glucose present in foods or biological samples in a 96-well microtiter plate format. Each kit provides sufficient reagents to perform up to 500 assays, including blanks, glucose standards and unknown samples. Sample glucose concentrations are determined by comparison with a known glucose standard. The kit has a detection sensitivity limit of 6.25 μM glucose. 2
- 组件
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- Glucose Standard : One 500 μL tube at 400 mM
- 10X Assay Buffer : One 25 mL bottle
- Colorimetric Probe : One 250 μL amber tube
- HRP : One 100 μL tube at 100 U/mL in glycerol
Box 2 (shipped on blue ice packs)
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Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) ELISA Kit
TNF alpha 适用: 大鼠 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 15.6 pg/mL - 1000 pg/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
Interleukin 1, beta (IL1B) ELISA KitIL1B 适用: 大鼠 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 15.6 pg/mL - 1000 pg/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) ELISA KitTNF alpha 适用: 小鼠 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 15.6 pg/mL - 1000 pg/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) ELISA KitHMGB1 适用: 人 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 62.5 pg/mL - 4000 pg/mL Plasma, Serum
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) ELISA Kit适用: Various Species Colorimetric Competition ELISA 12.35 ng/mL - 1000 ng/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) ELISA KitTNF alpha 适用: 人 AA 77-233 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 15.6 pg/mL - 1000 pg/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Plasma (EDTA), Plasma (citrate), Plasma (heparin), Serum
Interleukin 6 (IL6) ELISA KitIL6 适用: 人 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 7.8-500 pg/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate, Urine
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM1) ELISA KitVCAM1 适用: 人 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 1.563-100 ng/mL Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) ELISA KitMMP2 适用: 人 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 0.78 ng/mL - 50 ng/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
Interleukin 1, beta (IL1B) ELISA KitIL1B 适用: 人 Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA 15.6 pg/mL - 1000 pg/mL Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Plasma, Serum, Tissue Homogenate
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- 试剂准备
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- 1X Assay Buffer: Dilute the stock 10X Assay Buffer 1:10 with deionized water for a 1X solution. Stir or vortex to homogeneity.
- Reaction Mix: Prepare a Reaction Mix by diluting the Colorimetric Probe 1:100, HRP 1:500, and Glucose Oxidase 1:50 in 1X Assay Buffer. For example, add 50 μL Colorimetric Probe stock solution, 10 μL HRP stock solution, and 100 μL of Glucose Oxidase to 4.84 mL of 1X Assay Buffer for a total of 5 mL. This Reaction Mix volume is enough for 100 assays. The Reaction Mix is stable for 1 day at 4 °C. Note: Prepare only enough for immediate use by scaling the above example proportionally. 4
- 样品制备
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- Cell culture supernatants: Cell culture media containing glucose should be avoided. To remove insoluble particles, centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. The cell conditioned media may be assayed directly or diluted as necessary. Prepare the Glucose standard curve in non-conditioned media without glucose. Note: Maintain pH between 7 and 8 for optimal working conditions as the Colorimetric Probe is unstable at high pH (>8.5).
- Tissue lysates: Sonicate or homogenize tissue sample in cold PBS or 1X Assay Buffer and centrifuge at 10000 x g for 10 minutes at 4 °C. Perform dilutions in 1X Assay Buffer.
- Cell lysates: Resuspend cells at 1-2 x 106 cells/mL in PBS or 1X Assay Buffer. Homogenize or sonicate the cells on ice. Centrifuge to remove debris. Cell lysates may be assayed undiluted or diluted as necessary in 1X Assay Buffer.
- Serum, plasma or urine: To remove insoluble particles, centrifuge at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant may be assayed directly or diluted as necessary in 1X Assay Buffer. Notes:
- All samples should be assayed immediately or stored at -80 °C for up to 1-2 months. Run proper controls as necessary. Optimal experimental conditions for samples must be determined by the investigator. Always run a standard curve with samples.
- Samples with NADH concentrations above 10 μM and glutathione concentrations above 50 μM will oxidize the Colorimetric Probe and could result in erroneous readings. To minimize this interference, it is recommended that superoxide dismutase (SOD) be added to the reaction at a final concentration of 40 U/mL (Votyakova and Reynolds, Ref. 2).
- Avoid samples containing DTT or β-mercaptoethanol since the Colorimetric Probe is not stable in the presense of thiols (above 10 μM).
- 实验流程
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- Prepare and mix all reagents thoroughly before use. Each sample, including unknowns and standards, should be assayed in duplicate or triplicate.
- Add 50 μL of each glucose standard or unknown sample into wells of a 96-well microtiter plate.
- Add 50 μL of Reaction Mix to each well. Mix the well contents thoroughly and incubate for 30-45 minutes at 37 °C protected from light. Note: This assay is continuous (not terminated) and therefore may be measured at multiple time points to follow the reaction kinetics.
- Read the plate with a spectrophotometric microplate reader in the 540-570 nm range.
- Calculate the concentration of glucose within samples by comparing the sample OD to the standard curve.
- 限制
- 仅限研究用
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- 注意事项
- Avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.
- 储存条件
- RT/-20 °C
- 储存方法
- Upon receipt, store the Glucose Standard, Colorimetric Probe, HRP, and Glucose Oxidase at -20°C. The Colorimetric Probe is light sensitive and must be stored accordingly. Avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles. Store the 10X Assay Buffer at room temperature.
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: "Hepatoprotective effect of sitagliptin against methotrexate induced liver toxicity." in: PLoS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. e0174295, (2017) (PubMed).
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: "Hepatoprotective effect of sitagliptin against methotrexate induced liver toxicity." in: PLoS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. e0174295, (2017) (PubMed).
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- 背景
- Glucose is a sugar used as an important source of energy in plants, prokaryotes and eukaryotes via processes such as respiration and fermentation. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, the energy of light is synthesized into the storage form of sugars such as glucose. More specifically, in a downstream process known as the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic carbon compounds, like ribulose bisphosphate. Using ATP and NADPH from upstream light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose. In animals, through the process of glycolysis followed by the citric acid cycle, glucose is broken down to water and CO2, resulting in energy from ATP formation. Glucose is often stored as a polymer such as glycogen. In humans, glucose is commonly measured in blood samples. Bloodstream levels of glucose are normally under tight regulation, however, high levels measured in fasting individuals may indicate prediabetes or diabetes. Blood Glucose Range Animal (mg/dL) ( mM) Human 79-110 4.4-6.1 Cow 42-75 3.7-6.6 Sheep 44-81 3.9-7.2 Goat 48-76 4.2-6.7 Cat 61-124 5.4-11.0 Dog 62-108 5.5-9.5 Horse 62-114 5.5-10.1 Pig 66-116 5.8-10.3 Rabbit 75-155 6.6-13.7 Llama 90-140 8.0-12.4 Mountain Goat 26-181 2.3-16.0 Beluga Whale 94-115 8.3-10.2 White Rhinoceros 28-140 2.5-12.4 Harp Seal 88-218 7.8-19.3 Hooded Seal 135-283 11.9-25.0 Table 1. Range of blood glucose levels in common animals (Ref. 1).
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