This gene encodes an enzyme that functions to both activate and deactivate arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens.Polymorphisms in this gene are responsible for the N-acetylation polymorphism in which human populations segregate into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator phenotypes.Polymorphisms in this gene are also associated with higher incidences of cancer and drug toxicity.A second arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (NAT1) is located near this gene (NAT2).[provided by RefSeq]